📚 Bibliography

1. Bassett, M. T. (2019). No Justice, No Health: The Black Panther Party’s Fight for Health in Boston and Beyond. Journal of African American Studies, 23(4), 352–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-019-09450-w

2. Black Panther Party. (1972). The Black Panther Party Ten-Point Program, March 29, 1972. In Hilliard, D. (Ed.), The Black Panther Party: Service to the People Programs (pp. 3–5). University of New Mexico Press.

3. Bloom, J., & Martin, W. E. (2013). Black Against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party. University of California Press.

4. Nelson, A. (2011). Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight Against Medical Discrimination. University of Minnesota Press.

5. Spencer, R. (1999). The Revolution Has Come: Black Power, Gender, and the Black Panther Party in Oakland. Duke University Press.

 Media & Figures

Figure 1
Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. (2012). Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton standing in front of the Black Panther Party headquarters. [Photograph]. https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2012.46.20 [Accessed 18 Apr. 2025].

Figure 2 &
Black Panther Party. (1971). The Grand Opening of the Bobby Seale People’s Free Health Clinic. [Flyer]. Reproduced in Nelson, A. (2011), pp. 76.

Figure 3
Bassett, M. T. (2019). No Justice, No Health: The Black Panther Party’s Fight for Health in Boston and Beyond. Journal of African American Studies, 23(4), 352–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-019-09450-w [Accessed 18 Apr. 2025].

Figure 4
Nelson, A. (2011). Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight Against Medical Discrimination. [Photograph, p. 85]. University of Minnesota Press.

Figure 5
Nelson, A. (2011). Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight Against Medical Discrimination. [Photograph, p. 93]. University of Minnesota Press.

Figure 6
Bob Fitch Photography Archive. (1972). Sickle Cell Anemia Testing at the Black Community Survival Conference, Oakland. [Photograph]. Stanford Libraries. https://exhibits.stanford.edu/fitch [Accessed 18 Apr. 2025].

Figure 7
Black Panther Party. (1971). Grand opening flyer for the Bobby Seale People’s Free Health Clinic [Flyer]. Reprinted in Nelson, A. (2011), p. 78.

Figure 8
Goodfellow, R. (1970, March 10). Reporters Scrutinize Panthers’ Health Clinic. The Oregon Journal. Portland City Archives. https://vintageportland.wordpress.com/2025/02/10/the-fred-hampton-memorial-peoples-free-health-clinic-1970/ [Accessed 18 Apr. 2025].

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